thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics establish fundamental constraints on the efficiency of heat engines and energy conversion.热力学定律对热机和能量转换的效率确立了根本性的限制。

Understanding thermodynamics is essential for engineers designing engines, refrigeration systems, and power plants.理解热力学对于设计发动机、制冷系统和发电厂的工程师来说至关重要。