sovereign immunity

The doctrine of sovereign immunity can shield a state from lawsuits in foreign courts without its consent.主权豁免学说可以在没有国家同意的情况下，保护该国免受外国法院的诉讼。

International law has gradually carved out exceptions to sovereign immunity for human rights violations.国际法逐渐为侵犯人权行为开辟了主权豁免的例外情况。