long range attack

In a long range attack, an attacker uses old validator keys to rewrite history from a distant past block.在长程攻击中，攻击者利用旧的验证者密钥从遥远的过去区块开始重写历史。

Ethereum's checkpoint mechanism and social consensus make long range attacks practically impossible to execute successfully.以太坊的检查点机制和社会共识使得长程攻击在实践中根本无法成功执行。